What is the term for a promise by one person to another regarding a specific action?

The term "covenant" refers to a formal agreement or promise, often found in legal contexts, where one party pledges to perform or refrain from performing specific actions. Covenants are typically detailed in written documents and can be legally binding. They are often used in real estate to impose restrictions or obligations on property owners. For example, a property owner might enter into a covenant promising to maintain the landscaping of their property in a certain way, which can be enforceable by other parties affected by that promise.

In contrast, while "contract" also implies a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, it is typically broader and can encompass a wide variety of terms and promises, not solely focused on a singular action. "Agreement" is a general term that could apply to any mutual consent between parties but lacks the legal specificity that a covenant provides. Similarly, "commitment" suggests a dedication to a course of action but does not convey the formal, enforceable nature of a covenant. Understanding the distinctions among these terms highlights why "covenant" is the most specific and accurate choice when discussing a promise regarding a specific action.